HYPERTENSION
- Hypertension: a comprehensive review - http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1106.htm
- Renovascular Hypertension Review - http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2006.htm
- Hypertension and Pregnancy - http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3250.htm
- Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Review - http://www.emedicine.com/oph/topic190.htm
- Hypertensive Encephalopathy Review - http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic667.htm
- Neonatal Hypertension Review - http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic2778.htm
Measures:
Clinical Performance Measures:
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American College of Cardiology: Clinical Performance Measures in Hypertension - http://www.acc.org/clinical/measures/hypertension/hypertension.pdf
Blood Pressure Measurement:
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The Medical Journal of Australia: Position Statement: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring - http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/176_12_170602/mcg10817_fm.html
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American College of Cardiology: Position Statement: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring - http://www.acc.org/clinical/position/72530.pdf
Lab Studies: The following lab tests need to be done necessarily in the work-up of a hypertensive patient:
- American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
Complete Blood Count - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/cbc/glance.html - American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
Electrolytes - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/electrolytes/glance.html - American Association of Clinical Chemistry: Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/bun/glance.html
- American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
Creatinine - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/creatinine/glance.html - American Association of Clinical Chemistry: Blood Glucose and Urine Glucose - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/glucose/glance.html
- American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
Uric Acid - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/uric_acid/glance.html - American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
Urinalysis - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/urinalysis/glance.html - American Association of Clinical Chemistry: 24 Hour Urine Protein (also known as Urine Protein to Creatinine Ratio) - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/urine_protein/glance.html
- American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
Lipid Profile - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/lipid/glance.html - American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
Lipoprotein Subfraction Testing ( LDL Subfractions, HDL Subfractions) - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/lipoprotein_subfractions/glance.html - American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
Microalbumin and Microalbumin/Creatinine Ratio - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/microalbumin/glance.html - American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
Aldosterone and Renin - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/aldosterone/glance.html - American Association of Clinical Chemistry: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; also known as Thyrotropin) - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/tsh/glance.html
Additional Lab Studies: These may be required in a Pregnant Lady with Hypertension (Pre-eclampsia):
- American Association of Clinical Chemistry: Liver Function Tests - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/liver_panel/glance.html
- American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
PT and INR - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/pt/glance.html - American Association of Clinical Chemistry: Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/aptt/glance.html
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American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
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American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
Platelet Count - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/platelet/glance.html -
American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
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American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
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American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
Haptoglobin - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/haptoglobin/glance.html -
American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
Fibrinogen - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/fibrinogen/glance.html -
American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
D-dimer - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/d_dimer/glance.html
Additional Lab Studies: These may be required in a patient with hypertensive encephalopathy:
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American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
Cardiac Biomarkers - http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic667.htm -
American Association of Clinical Chemistry:
Tests for Drugs Abuse (to exclude drug-induced hypertensive encephalopathy) - -
http://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/drug_abuse/glance.html
Echocardiography:
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ACC/AHA/ASE 2003 Guideline Update for the Clinical Application of Echocardiography - http://www.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/echo/index_clean.pdf
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ACC/AHA Clinical Competence Statement on Echocardiography - http://www.acc.org/clinical/competence/echo/index.pdf
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Echocardiography in Emergency Medicine: A Policy Statement by the American Society of Echocardiography and the American College of Cardiology - http://www.acc.org/clinical/position/feb99.pdf
Electrocardiography:
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ACC/AHA Clinical Competence Statement on Electrocardiography and Ambulatory Electrocardiography - http://www.acc.org/clinical/competence/ECG/pdfs/ECG_pdf.pdf
- ACC Consensus Document on Signal-Averaged Electrocardiography - http://www.acc.org/clinical/consensus/signal.htm
Imaging Studies to be done in a suspected case of renovascular hypertension:
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Practice Guideline for the Performance of Angiography, Angioplasty, and Stenting for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Renal Artery Stenosis in Adults - http://www.acr.org/s_acr/bin.asp?TrackID=&SID=1&DID=17777&CID=1076&VID=2&DOC=File.PDF
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American College of Radiology: Appropriateness Criteria for Different Radiological Investigations in a Suspected Case of Renovascular Hypertension - http://www.acr.org/s_acr/bin.asp?TrackID=&SID=1&DID=11823&CID=1202&VID=2&DOC=File.PDF
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ACR Practice Guideline for the Performance of Computed Tomography (CT) of the Abdomen and Computed Tomography (CT) of the Pelvis - http://www.acr.org/s_acr/bin.asp?TrackID=&SID=1&DID=12200&CID=547&VID=2&DOC=File.PDF
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ACR Practice Guideline for the Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Abdomen - http://www.acr.org/s_acr/bin.asp?TrackID=&SID=1&DID=22489&CID=547&VID=2&DOC=File.PDF
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ACR practice guideline for the performance of an Ultrasound Examination of the Abdomen or Retroperitoneum - http://www.acr.org/s_acr/bin.asp?TrackID=&SID=1&DID=12175&CID=539&VID=2&DOC=File.PDF
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ACR Practice Guideline for the Performance of Adult and Paediatric Renal Scintigraphy - http://www.acr.org/s_acr/bin.asp?TrackID=&SID=1&DID=12280&CID=1074&VID=2&DOC=File.PDF
Additional Imaging Studies: These may be required in a Pregnant Lady with Hypertension (Pre-eclampsia):
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EEG Seizure Monitoring - http://www.emedicine.com/neuro/topic103.htm
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Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists: Evidence-based Clinical Guidelines on the Use and Interpretation of Cardiotocography in Intrapartum Fetal Surveillance - http://www.nice.org.uk/pdf/efmguidelinercog.pdf
Additional Imaging Studies: These may be required in a patient with Intracranial Hypertension:
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ACR Practice Guideline for the Performance of Computed Tomography (CT) of the Brain - http://www.acr.org/s_acr/bin.asp?TrackID=&SID=1&DID=17772&CID=542&VID=2&DOC=File.PDF
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ACR Practice Guideline for the Performance of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Brain Perfusion Imaging - http://www.acr.org/s_acr/bin.asp?TrackID=&SID=1&DID=12288&CID=1074&VID=2&DOC=File.PDF
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ACR Practice Guideline for the Performance and Interpretation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Brain - http://www.acr.org/s_acr/bin.asp?TrackID=&SID=1&DID=12250&CID=542&VID=2&DOC=File.PDF
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Medline Plus: Eye and orbit ultrasound - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003797.htm
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Medline Plus: Orbit CT scan - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003785.htm
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Lumbar Puncture Practice Guidelines - http://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/cpg.cfm?doc_id=5178
Additional Imaging Studies: These may be required in a patient with Hypertensive Encephalopathy:
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Medline Plus: Chest X-Ray - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003804.htm
Questionnaire:
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Hypertension Questionnaire - http://www.citrushc.com/our_services/citrus_community/pdfs/forms_brochures_pdfs/Hypertension_Questionnaire.pdf
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Hypertension Questionnaire - http://www.citizenssecuritylife.com/docs/QuestionnaireHypertension.pdf
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Hypertension Questionnaire - https://broker.bcbsga.com/broker/smallgroup/forms/CardiacHypertension.pdf
Statistics:
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UK National Statistics: Prevalence of treated hypertension per 1000 patients, by age, sex and calendar year: 1994 - 98 - http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/xsdataset.asp?More=Y&vlnk=2337&All=Y&B2.x=112&B2.y=10
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UK National Statistics: Prevalence of treated hypertension per 1000 patients, by age, sex and deprivation category: 1994-98 - http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/xsdataset.asp?More=Y&vlnk=2724&All=Y&B2.x=92&B2.y=15
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UK National Statistics: Prevalence of treated hypertension per 1000 patients, by age, sex and country/region: 1994-98 - http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/xsdataset.asp?More=Y&vlnk=2524&All=Y&B2.x=31&B2.y=8
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UK National Statistics: Prevalence of treated hypertension per 1000 patients, by age, sex and ONS area classification: 1994-98 - http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/xsdataset.asp?More=Y&vlnk=2657&All=Y&B2.x=50&B2.y=9
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US: National Center for Health Statistics: Hypertension Fast Stats - http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/hyprtens.htm
Document Provenance and History
Document Author: Dr. Fazal Danish
Document Created: 28th March 2006
Document Edits: