TYPHOID FEVER

• WHO: The diagnosis, treatment and prevention of typhoid fever - http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/documents/en/typhoid_diagnosis.pdf

• WHO: Typhoid: An overview of disease burden, bacteriology and vaccine - http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/diarrhoeal/en/index7.html

• Typhoid Fever: a comprehensive review - http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2331.htm
• Medline Plus: Typhoid Fever - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001332.htm
• CDC: Typhoid Fever - http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/typhoidfever_g.htm

Measures:

Culture Tests:

• American Association of Clinical Chemistry: Blood Culture - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/blood_culture/glance.html
• Medline Plus: Blood Culture - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003744.htm
• Medline Plus: Bone marrow culture - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003682.htm
• Medline Plus: Fecal (Stool) culture - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003758.htm

Serology:

• The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA): Widal Test (Serum Typhoid antibodies) - http://www.rcpamanual.edu.au/sections/pathologytest.asp?s=33&i=171

• A Comparative Study of Typhidot and Widal Test in Patients of Typhoid Fever - http://medind.nic.in/jac/t04/i3/jact04i3p244.pdf

• Medline Plus: ELISA - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003332.htm

Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):

• Wikipedia: Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested_polymerase_chain_reaction

Other lab tests:

• American Association of Clinical Chemistry: Complete Blood Count (CBC) - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/cbc/glance.html
• Medline Plus: Platelet count - http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003647.htm
• American Association of Clinical Chemistry: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/esr/glance.html
• American Association of Clinical Chemistry: Liver (hepatic) Function Tests (LFTs) - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/liver_panel/glance.html
• American Association of Clinical Chemistry: Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/aptt/glance.html
• American Association of Clinical Chemistry: Prothrombin Time - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/pt/glance.html
• American Association of Clinical Chemistry: Albumin Level - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/albumin/glance.html
• American Association of Clinical Chemistry: Fibrinogen Level - http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/fibrinogen/glance.html

Typhoid Immunization:

• Typhoid Immunization: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) - http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00035643.htm

• Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper - http://www.who.int/immunization/wer7532typhoid_Aug00_position_paper.pdf

• WHO: Typhoid Vaccine - http://www.who.int/vaccines/en/typhoid.shtml

Prevention:

• Safe Water Systems for the Developing World: A Handbook for Implementing Household-Based Water Treatment and Safe Storage - http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/manual/sws_manual.pdf

• Safe Water System: A Low-Cost Technology for Safe Drinking Water - http://www.cdc.gov/safewater/publications_pages/fact_sheets/WW4.pdf

• WHO: The International Network to Promote Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage - http://www.who.int/household_water/en/

• CDC: Guidelines for Traveller's against Typhoid Fever - http://www2.ncid.cdc.gov/travel/yb/utils/ybGet.asp?section=dis&obj=typhoid.htm

• Typhoid fever in travellers: who should we vaccinate - http://www.cdc.gov/narms/publications/2000/Steinberg_2000.pdf

Statistics:

• WHO: Typhoid Disease Burden - http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/typhoid/en/index.html

• CDC: Estimating the Incidence of Typhoid Fever and Other Febrile Illnesses in Developing Countries - http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no5/02-0428.htm

Document Provenance and History

Document Author: Dr. Fazal Danish

Document Created: 26th April 2006

Document Edits: